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See, earlier, by Linda Thom: Unrest In Urumqi—A Californian Draws A Dark Lesson For Her Own State
There’s an old stereotype that “all Chinese people look the same.” However, what people really mean is that Han Chinese people, who make up 91% of the population of the People’s Republic of China, look the same. There are also 55 officially-recognized ethnic minorities in China. And then there are ethnic minorities whom the Chinese government refuses to recognize. This is usually because they are Turkic peoples who are genetically very different from the Han and don’t like being ruled by them. One of these unrecognized ethnic minorities: 11.3 million-strong Muslim “Uyghur.” They have effectively been in rebellion against Han occupation for centuries. And, genetically, they are, to a great extent, white. (Right, via Wikipedia, a Uyghur girl in Turpan, Xinjiang, China.)
Why are the Uyghurs in the news so much? Why is our government trying to pressure the Chinese to stop abusing Uyghur “human rights”? [Top US diplomat keeps up pressure on China over Muslim Uighurs, Aljazeera, October 10, 2019, ]. How did the Uyghur become such an irritant to the Beijing regime?
The Uyghur, known until the 1930s simply as the Turki, have repeatedly risen up against their East Asian Han overlords, inevitable because they are genetically and culturally very different from the Han. It has been demonstrated that the more genetically different two ethnic groups are, the more likely they are fight against each other [see Ethnic Conflicts, by Tatu Vanhanen]. Essentially, there has been continuous unrest in the Northwest province of Xinjiang, where the China’s Uyghur mainly live, since 1931. This province, once overwhelmingly Uyghur, is now only 45% Uyghur—and 40% Han. Its capital city, Urumqi, is now 75% Han and only 12.8% Uyghur.
These massive demographic changes reflect a deliberate Han government policy of overwhelming Xinjiang, and especially its capital, with Han immigrants so that the Uyghur will completely lose control of their territory, be absorbed into Han culture, and stop being a quasi-white thorn in the Han regime’s side.
In contrast, intense restrictions are not imposed on the Muslim “Hui,” as the Hui are not in rebellion and are genetically closely related to the Han [Genetic substructure and forensic characteristics of Chinese Hui populations using 157 Y-SNPs and 27 Y-STRs, By Mingkung Xie et al., FSI Genetics, 2019]) so the Han are prepared to tolerate them.
But, unlike the Hui, Uyghur cannot set up schools to educate their children in Islam. If they work for the state, they are not given facilities to fast during Ramadan. Uyghur must l ive in gated communities with police check points. QR codes (computer-readable barcodes) must be attached to the doors of their dwellings so that the police can easily check who is authorised to be there [The race card, The Economist, September 3, 2016].
The current unrest began in 2009 with the “Shaoguan Incident” in southeast China. Uyghur migrant workers in a toy factory were accused of sexually assaulting a Han woman. This triggered a riot by Han Chinese, with at least two Uyghur men killed and about 118 injured.
In turn, his set off a riot in Urumqi, involving at least 1000 furious Uyghur. Officially, 197 people were killed, almost all of them Han. The Beijing government clamped down on the province with renewed ferocity, including an immediate media blackout and the militarization of the entire region. Over 1000 people were arrested and by February 2010, at least 26 people had been executed. According to the Chinese government, 476 Han in the province were stabbed with hypodermic needles by Uyghur terrorists.
Ever since, the Turkestan Islamic Party, among other groups, has waged a bloody terrorist campaign against the Han and there have been many other deadly riots. In March 2014, Uyghur terrorists stabbed 141 random Han at Kunming Railway Station in southwest China, killing 31 people. The next month, terrorists blew themselves up at Urumqi station, killing three Han. In February 2017, three of them knifed 5 Han to death, before being killed by the police .
In 2017, the Chinese government got really serious with mass arrests, and perhaps as many as 3 million people detained in “re-education camps” where they are compulsorily taught Chinese and generally broken down .
So, who exactly are the Uyghur? According to the most up-to-date research, they are a genetic “cline” between “European” and “East Asian.” Specifically, in Hotan in northern Xianjiang, they are about 60% genetically European and 40% genetically East Asian. In the south of Xinjiang, Uyghurs are around 52% genetically European [Analysis of Genomic Admixture in Uyghur and Its Implication in Mapping Strategy, by Shuhua Xu et al., American Journal of Human Genetics, 2008].
Of course, these are only averages. They imply that a minority of Uyghur are considerably more than 60% genetically European—explaining why some of them, with their blond hair and blue eyes, wouldn’t look out of place in Northeastern Europe.
Genetics researcher Razib Khan has theorized that Indo-Europeans made their way to what is now Northwest China about 4000 years ago, led there by the search for fresh farming pastures [Uighurs are Hybrids, By Razib Khan, Discovery Magazine, March 28, 2003]. This explains why the region’s Tarim Mummies, which are about 2000 years old, are conspicuously Caucasian, much to the embarrassment of Beijing [The Dead Tell A Tale China Doesn’t Care To Listen To, by Edward Wong, New York Times, November 18, 2008].
World traveler Linda Thom visited Xinjiang in 2007, and wrote, at the time of the riots, that:
The mummies are Europeans, not Han Chinese.
Although there are hundreds of mummies, perhaps the two most famous are “Cherchen Man” and the “Loulan Beauty”, which my husband and I saw in the provincial museum in Urumqi in 2007. Cherchen man dates from 1000 BC. He has red hair, is about 5′ 10″ tall and has a decidedly European face. Loulan Beauty, among the oldest mummies, has light brown hair and again looks European, not Chinese.
Beside the Loulan Beauty’s case, an artist drew a picture (right) of how beautiful she may have been because the Uighurs have adopted her as a symbol of their people. She looks like them, not Chinese.
DNA samples do not completely support this view—the Uighurs are a Turkic people—but whatever else they are, the mummies are not Han Chinese.
Approximately 2500 years ago, an East Asian people came to this area and intermixed with the Indo-European population. The result was the Uyghur people seen in China today.
By the ninth century, the Uyghurs were ruled by the Tiele, a confederation of Turkic tribes. By the tenth century, these Turkic tribes had converted to Islam and by the seventeenth century, the Uyghurs’ gradual conversion to Islam was complete as well. Originally, they had likely spoken an Indo-European language. Now they spoke a Turkic dialect which, to this day, is written in Arabic script in China. But the Uyghur are only linguistically, not genetically, a Turkic people. Subsequently the Uyghurs spread out from China and are now also found in Turkey, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, with growing numbers of refugees in the West.
In the 12th century, much of the area which the Uyghurs inhabited—Uyghurstan—came under the rule of the Mongols. Then, in the seventeenth century, most of it passed to to the Han Chinese. Thus the Uyghur town of Ush rebelled in 1765, due to Han raping their women. As a result, the townsmen were massacred, and the women and children enslaved. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912, the Uyghurs twice set up a Soviet-backed East Turkestan Republic, but it was twice crushed by the Chinese.
The persecution of the Uyghurs raises difficult questions. On the one hand, the Han Chinese, like Western Europeans and North Americans, are under attack from Islamic terrorists, who slaughter their people. The Uyghur do this because they want their homeland back, but so do Palestinians (from their perspective). Muslims who have emigrated to the West might simply want the West to “submit” to them, but they often claim to be motivated by Western incursions into Islamic countries, such as the presence of the US military in Saudi Arabia. Should we, therefore, sympathize with the Han who, like us, are trying to protect themselves from Islamic violence?
On the other hand, however, the Han are persecuting viciously what is, to a significant degree, a European minority in China (albeit one that has adopted Islam). The Han are persecuting “our people”—they are interfering with our “genetic interests,” because it’s inherently in our “genetic interests” that there should be more of our group and that we occupy more land. (This argument is developed by Australian academic Frank Salter in his 2003 book On Genetic Interests).
As the Chinese become increasingly becoming aggressive in a new Cold War, perhaps this “genetic interest” will tip the balance in favor of our siding with China’s quasi-European minority
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China should accept Sweden proposition and massively deport all Uyghurs over there. Win-win for everybody.
“One of these unrecognized ethnic minorities: 11.3 million-strong Muslim “Uyghur.”
Uyghur is a recognizes ethnic minority… There’re other exotic looking people also are ethnic minorities: Tajik, Khalkhas, Uzbek, Russian, Daur…
Ethnic minorities only not getting recognized in China if they are too few in numbers, for example the Jews, they’re grouped with Hui, blue hat Hui. White hat Hui are Muslims.
Urumqi has never been a Uyghur city. The name “Urumqi” itself is Mongol language, means “beautiful graze land”. The Uyghurs traditionally live in South Xinjiang, Urumqi is in the North. It’s traditionally Mongol territory.
What can be expected from an article which can’t even get the most basic facts right?
Uyghurs are Muslim, therefore most posters here would despise them even if their DNA was pure European just like most posters here despise Albanians and Bosniaks. Most posters here actively support Chinese brutality against Uyghurs just as they actively support Serb brutality against Albanians and Bosniaks.
When it comes to Islam, religion trumps race for most on the right. Someone could be of Nordic appearance, but if he was a Muslim from a Muslim country most posters here would deny that he is white. If Uyghurs were any other religion than Muslim then they probably would get some support from white nationalists, but as Muslims they get nothing but hatred from the right in the West.
Mongols hate the Chinese almost as much as Uyghurs do, so whether Urumqi was originally Uyghur or Mongol is irrelevant as neither population would willing want to be ruled by China. Also I suspect the average Mongol would consider themselves to have more linguistic and cultural kinship with the Uyghurs than the Chinese.
There are literally groups of self-proclaimed Nazis in Mongolia who state that they are defending native Mongols from Chinese oppression, that’s how the Chinese are regarded in Mongolia.
The iconic Chinese heroine (Hua)Mulan was apparently not a Han. According to the epic poem that recorded the story, she was a camel jockey and she addressed the Chinese emperor the ‘Khan”, a central Asian word. I personal guess she was an ethnic Persian: Hua was likely a Chinese abbreviation of ‘Farsi’.
The hero of probably the first ever Chinese martial art novel was actually a black man Kunlun Nu , a negrito or negro. The story has been made into a TV series. Yes, Kunlun Nu was an ex-slave. Black slaves did exist in ancient China but the number was very small and they had been completely absorbed into the Chinese gene pool. So far I have met only one single Chinese with natural peppercorn hair.
Another ancient black or half black Chinese notable I read was a general.
Anonymous[364] ,
“There are literally groups of self-proclaimed Nazis in Mongolia who state that they are defending native Mongols from Chinese oppression, that’s how the Chinese are regarded in Mongolia.”
Mongols in Mongolia is a different tribe than those in China. And the Mongols that used to rule Xinjiang was Dzungar, yet another tribe of Mongols, who were genocided by the Manchus.
Nobody cares whom the Desert North Kalkas love or hate. Chinese ethnic Mongols don’t think the Kalkas are their people. Actually, Kalkas were their servants in the old empire days, the Mongols empire ran a caste system just like the sub-con Indians do.
So the Kalkas hate Chinese, but ethnic Mongols Chinese don’t, much to the US’ regret…
Probably Philippine negritos, but perhaps Andamaners too. Would explain the unusual wariness of the natives there of any outsiders – perhaps mass slave raids from long ago?
Worried about some obscure minority in China who might or might not be genetically related to Europeans; yet, a known group of European people getting no attention whatsoever in South Africa…
Ridiculous…
As soon as they are allowed to immigrate it will be the same crap all over again that has happened with every Muslim group that has ever been allowed to immigrate to Western society…ignoring all of our customs and laws, defiance at every opportunity and when not getting their way the inevitable response to start committing acts of terrorism.
I guess White South Africans aren’t ‘edgy’ enough for any attention to be paid.
Actually Serbs get lots of sympathy because they were attacked by William ‘Bubba’ Jefferson Clinton and his NATO cohorts.
Otherwise the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS included Muslim Bosniaks.
I’m not sure. Kunlun is a big mountain range and that chap got that name likely because most of the black slaves then were trafficked through moutain passes of that area. Those slaves were said to be physically quite strong. I suspect most of the slave traders were middle easterners.
What conclusion can we draw from a commenter who can’t even make a factual statement?
” Urumqi is the capital of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the far northwest of the People’s Republic of China”
Lance Welton, have you face planted in Asian poontang? This is an incredibly stupid article that reveals your “intelligence.”
There are 3 racial groups: Caucasoids, Mongoloids and Negroids. Caucasoids have the highest IQs, Mongoloids are a distant second and Negroids are last.
The Uighers are a Mongoloid ethnicity in the Mongoloid race. Their average IQ is 87. You posted a picture of a rare blond throwback Uigher. There are many other pictures of Uighers on the internet and it is obvious they are Mongoloids. They are not a Western people. They are related to other Central Asians like the Uzbeks, Tajiks and Khazaks – Mongoloid ethnicities with an average IQ of 85. All of these ethnicities have skin tones from light to dark, but you can see they are Mongoloids. The DNA tests are meaningless.
You scribble nonsense about the Uighers being “European.” You write for VDare. I’m sure you know that John Derbyshire has a Chinese wife and offspring. The offspring would be 50/50 in race. Their IQ is barely average. Derbyshire and his Chinese wife had to put the son in the army because they could not handle him. The Chinese mother is looking for a Chinese wife for the Chinese son. The Chinese daughter and mother voted for Obummer. Derbyshire’s Chinese family is anti-white.
Chrissy Teigen is half Thai and Swedish. She married the black John Legend and has black/Asian offspring. She is anti-white. In the movie “Crazy Rich Asians,” the lead actors were hapas. They do not consider themselves white, Caucasian, Western.
Obummer was a 50/50. He is not a Western male.
You wrote an article about the instability of mixed race people: https://vdare.com/articles/mixed-race-people-taller-more-intelligent-better-looking-but-also-crazy
You scribble incredibly stupid ideas about helping these Mongoloids. I don’t care what the Han Chinese do to these people. These people are not Western, Caucasian, European.
You should focus on writing articles and starting a movement to help relocate white South Africans.
Meanwhile, on the other side of the planet, Native Americans that are genetically closer to East Asians have almost been totally wiped out…. Should Chinese government start fighting for the “human rights” of the Native Americans, for their “self-determination”, blah, blah, blah…
Looks like the China haters are really running out of excuses to bash China.
That statement does NOT contradict what @Yee writes. @Yee is 100% correct.
Learn to read.
Communist China should deport all Uyghurs and Tibetians for the crime of living on their own land for centuries before the Communist Chinese invaded and took it by force.
Urumqi is in Dzungaria. The Uyghurs are from the Tarim Basin. Both these regions are in Xinjiang Province. The Uyghurs are recent migrants to Urumqi, they are not native to it. You probably think the English are native to New England and the Welsh to New South Wales. The Dzungar people, also written as Zunghar are the natives of Dzungaria, they were largely wiped by the Manchus but some escaped to Russia and are now known as the Kalmyks. Urumqi was founded by the Han Chinese and has had Han majority from the beginning.
d dan,
“Looks like the China haters are really running out of excuses to bash China.”
The point of this bizarre article is the “background introducing”. This article is for installing or reinforce the “China persecute Uyghurs” accusation in their circle.
So, It doesn’t matter how many mistakes this article makes or how little sense it makes, because nobody would take its “scientific” angle seriously, but everyone would remember “China persecute Uyghurs”…
Communism didn’t exit during Tang or Qing(Manchu) Dynasty’s. That’s why the Tibetans and Uyghers still live in their respective regions. No Trail Of Tears for them.
“The point of this bizarre article is the “background introducing”. This article is for installing or reinforce the “China persecute Uyghurs” accusation in their circle.”
I understand their desire to keep repeating those lies, like what Nazi has done:
“If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it. ” – Joseph Goebbels, Minister of Propaganda of Nazi Germany.
But the excuses they come up with are reaching a point of lunacy (e.g. from Skinner’s “clash of civilization” to this “genetic interest”). So, what’s next? Chinese are too noisy for the survival of butterflies?
The Uyghurs have always been at war with the East?
The Manchus are not Han.
Caucasoid features are not limited to “Europeans”, unless you think Syrians, Iraqis and Persians are also “European.”
But you said the Uyghurs have been under “Chinese” administration for centuries. (Or closer to a millenium)
So it seems to be that the recent conflict would have little to do with genetic differences and other whatnot.
But you explained that the Uyghurs are not peaceful. Could that have something to do with it?
But earlier you noted that the land was conquered by the Mongols in the 12th century and then later controlled by the “Han Chinese” (actually, Manchus). So when was the last time the Uyghurs enjoyed autonomy?
Is this The Economist?
I stand corrected. A little knowledge of the history, politics and demographics would go a long way in avoiding errors like that.
So what is a race of people who is purportedly descended from the turks doing in china, which is thousands of miles away from turkey?
Chinese historians and anthropologists cannot even ascertain the origin of this group of people despite having collected the most archaeological facts and evidence. And here we have this clown trying to pull a fast one for his CIA paymasters. This is another one of those “Frank Dikotter” type of bullshit!
You got mixed up the other way round. The turks originated from central asia of which Mongolia was loosely a part. The Turks in turkey are decendents of ancient migrants who mixed racially with other races during their expansion westward.
“I stand corrected.”
Good for you. Regards.
You’re a cool dude for saying that ! Most people don’t bother to search for the truth. Mao Zedong made a huge mistake naming the whole province Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region when in reality it only applies to the southern half known as the Tarim Basin. It was actually a bunch of Uighur communist who convinced him to do it !
Uyghur terrorists went to Chechnya to fight against (white) Russians, and contributed thousands of fighters to Islamic State, where they engaged in ethnic cleansing against Christians.
They can go to hell just like their CIA-funded Alt Lite lackeys in the West.
This is pretty poor scholarship. First thing is the Uighurs are most definitely on the 56 recognized ethnic groups in China. Outside of the insurgent areas of Xinjiang they receive preferential policies like all other minorities in China. Some of them have “made it big” in eastern cities. For you to miss than is pretty bad..
But talking about homeland is also completely false. They migrated to that region just like the Han did. When the Han people first took control of that region 2100 years ago there were no Uighurs. The people who were there were more related to the Mongols than Turks. The people who now are closest to those original people are the Kazhaks.
The Tajiks to the south are well respected in their area. Why? They fought on the Chinese side against the Soviets while many Uighurs sided witht the Soviets who promised them their own “stan”. The Nationalist KMT was too weak to subdue them but when the Communists took over they were able. Some Uighurs were patriotic toward China and helped subdue the region against the Soviet backed brothers. That is it got to where it is. Some Uighurs want independence still while others are fine being Chinese. But make no mistake they ARE migrants to the region just like the Han.
In any event the moral outrage is comical. Remind me how the US came into being again? When westerners pack up and leave the Americas along with Australia and New Zealand and return to Europe then maybe you can complain against the Han in Tibet. But it still wouldnt work regarding the Uighurs. Kazaks who are closer to the original habitats do sometimes leave China and go live across the border in Kazakstan. But 5 million remain in China. Uighurs would have to make a far further trek back to Turkey.
Really? All Mongols hate Chinese? Strange…. They are free to move across the border. Yet there are millions more Mongols in China than in Mongolia. Why is that? I am sure economics has a lot to do with it. Check the quality of life of Mongolians on both sides of the border. Btw – it was the Mongols who made Beijing the capital of China – not the Han people. Remind us where Genghis Khan’s masoleum again…? So who are the real race haters again?
As to the Uighurs – well no its the west who is the only people that make any shout… Not because they care about them – but just as a tool to fuel insurgency in China. Nobody else wants to get involved because they are well versed in the usual religious and racial conundrums in the region.
As to your idea the Uighurs and Mongols feel they have more in common with each other is again laughable. They used to fight each other. So did the Tibetans. When Tibetans decided to try to claim independence they attacked every neighboring ethnic group in China – not just Han. One of the first CIA agents (after the OSS) who was killed was pretending to be a Kazahk and was shot by Tibetan guards at the border they tried to establish. They even attacked Tibetans living in neighboring provinces who had no problem remaining part of China – considering them traitors. All this nonsense talk of all the other races getting along until the bully Han came along is fake news and fake history. They all fought and they all made alliances. In our modern times the Han are now back again on top of the Chinese “heap”. Even Han people themselves are a mix of many different tribes who decided to fold under one banner.
The Manchu themselves are no longer much visible – not because of oppression. They ruled China! They took it upon themselves to inter marry with the Han. Lets stop the fake history to try to race bait.
Plenty of Uighurs are fighting against the west in Afghanistan and Syria right now. Have been for a long time too. Some probably were in Iraq before as well. The hypocrisy with the race and religion baiters is almost unbelievable.
Weaponized Islam used in Afghanistan/Soviet Central Asia, The Russian North Caucasus, Syria, Libya and now Xinjiang ? Which of these peoples did it end up benefiting ? Just more misery for humanity !
You have cited too many inconvenient facts for those ignorant China haters to digest.
China haters have neither the interest nor knowledge about China, yet they continue to regurgitate the same lies again and again, hoping that at least some lies will stick.
Do we really require “excuses” to oppose our, um, opponents?
Seems like it would come quite naturally.
Why do the Chinese, Russians, Muslims, Mexicans, Jews, Blacks, or even the Uyghers need to be our opponents ?
Defend your national interest when needed, but don’t harm others unnecessarily eg Iraq War, NATO intervention in Serbia, Syria etc.
You end up hurting yourself as much as others. Peace
I agree with this…
Actually most of the people who inhabited modern day Turkey were originally from Greece (and/or later maybe Italy under the Romans). The Turks actually either killed or expelled most of the original inhabitants or they married off into Turkish families and converted to Islam to avoid persecution…
So the Turkish people are now some admixture of Turkish, Greek or Italian ancestry, far removed from their origins on the steppes of Asia…
This picture put out by the Chinese government not that long ago condemns that country far more than anything we could possibly say. Why is this Chinese individual posing with four of the worst Europeans who ever lived?
I mean, why not place him with Mozart, or Leonardo, or St Francis?
Uighurs are Mohammedans and thus enemies of Christendom. Chinese are Communists and thus enemies of Christendom.
Do we have dog meat in this fight? It’s like Central America. There are no angels. Sic the devils upon one another.
Just as a matter of interest, into which of those 3 racial groups of yours do the dot Indians fall????
99% of the dots would be Asians. There are some light-skinned high-caste Brahmins who would be classed as Caucasians but life is good for them in India as they rule. The dark-skinned Indians we see in the West are Asians and do not belong here. They are not American Indians.
As a reminder, there were many Aryan Indians but they mixed with Asian aborigines and we can see the result ot their mixing today in India – mostly dark-skinned people with an average IQ of 82.
“I understand their desire to keep repeating”
“the excuses they come up”
Who’s this “they”?
Don’t think the USA has been a united people with shared foreign policy views for decades. If they had been, Chinese economic development would have been a lot slower, as they wouldn’t have opened to Chinese goods.
Pretty sure Mr Welton and the State Department disagree on more than they agree on.
We were in India on the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolution. Calcutta was covered with similar flags (minus Mao). Bengalis do love them a Communist.
Uyghurs I’ve known look nothing like that picture! Maybe the Evil Chinese only let the Mongol/Han looking ones out of the country…
40% Chinese, 100% Muslim.
Not European.
But of course siding with a foreign minority to destabilize a competitor is a strategy that isn’t exactly something that hasn’t been done before.
In the beginning they estimated a million. Then 2 million. Now it’s 3 million?? Without any shred of evidence (in this satellite imagery age and handphone photography age) how so many people are housed. It takes someone special to agree to these preposterous numbers.
Lance Welton, here’s something for you to investigate.
https://www.unz.com/isteve/why-are-asian-american-test-scores-soaring/
These Asians are cheating. The Japanese are the only intelligent Asians and they are not as smart and creative as Caucasians.
The West has a genetic interest in ending immigration from the third world, not in supporting Muslims in the middle of Asia.
Stupid and racist article. The West has only interest, which is to weaken and divide a rising Asian power. And for that it will avail itself of any useful tools, regardless of their ethnicity. Tibetans, Mongols, Uighurs, Falun Gong freaks, Hong Kong gangs …
All policies of the West are colonialist.
Specifically this guy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saifuddin_Azizi
In retrospect the region perhaps would have been better named using more generic terms like Muslim/Islamic, since unlike Tibet the region did contain sizable non-Uyghur population (related Turkic-speaking Kazakh, Uzbek, etc as well as less-related Hui and non-Muslim such as Han and Mongol) but it’s decidedly Islamic.
I would say the west has plenty of reason to despise Islam.
There was an ethnic group called the Dzunghars that originally inhabited Xinjiang, until they were genocided by the Qianlong emperor in the 18th century. The Uyghurs moved in after that.
What’s up to all, because I am truly keen of reading this blog’s post to be updated on a regular basis.
It carries nice information.